Arithmetic wraps around its type bounds. Before Solidity 0.8 this is silent; in 0.8+ it can still occur inside `unchecked` blocks or via casts, corrupting balances and allowing free mints.
// Solidity 0.8+: checked by default
function transfer(address to, uint256 v) external {
require(balances[msg.sender] >= v, "insufficient");
balances[msg.sender] -= v;
balances[to] += v;
}
Largest recorded losses in the same failure class — related, not the same bug:
The SaferICO scanner runs 201 detectors over your Solidity source, SAFE-0016 among them. Paste an address or the source itself — a small per-scan fee, shown before you sign, or unlimited on any plan.